When the angular movement is only in one plane hinge or angular expansion joints are used. An angular expansion can be expressed when an expansion joint experience bending about its center which is the centerline and half way between the ends of metal bellows. These types of bellows are used mostly in sets wherever piping direction changes. So you will find hinged joints used at the locations where pipe bending occurs. As a result of the hinged nature of this bellow only angular movement is allowed around the hinges. Since lateral movements too take place so one can discover a piping joint between these 2 bellows. The quantity of lateral deflection a hinged expansion joint can accommodate for a particular angular movement is directly proportional to the distance between them. To use a pair of hinged bellows effectively the distance between them should be made as large as possible. When only two hinge joints are used demonstrated in the adjacent figure the piping perpendicular to the hinge segment must deflect to absorb the thermal expansion of the spool containing these angular expansion joints. When the piping as one plane system is not flexible enough to absorb the thermal expansion of the spool between the hinged joints a system of three hinged expansion joints may be used. In this system the blend of the three joints absorbs all the thermal expansion of the piping system and no deflection of the piping is observed. This system produces the lowest possible forces on the intermediate anchors and guidesif the thermal expansion within the piping system occurs in only one plane the application of this joint provides the highest level of efficiency solution to absorb the thermal deflections.