Studded tubes / studded coils an electric current is applied by contacts on the stud and tube and the studded coils resistance in this circuit produces the heat necessary for welding. Maximum resistance and therefore maximum heating occurs at the interface between the stud and the tube. Pressure to forge the stud and the tube together in this position of maximum heating is applied by various forms of tooling. These resistance welding processes produce a strong metallurgical bond between the stud and the tube while minimizing the heat affected zone haz in the tube. The implementation of pressure to forge the fin and the tube together helps to minimize the heat input necessary to make the weld. This solution is applied in fired heaters under very high pressure & temperature mainly in petroleum refineries. Studding of pipes up to 8 inch dia and stud diameter up to 18mm can be delivered in carbon steel, Alloyed steel and stainless steel pipes.